Topic

Retirement

How Canada's retirement machines work: CPP, OAS, RRIFs, and the timing decisions paid out for life.

Your RRSP has an expiry date: how the move to a RRIF works

By December 31 of the year you turn 71, every RRSP has to become something else. For most people that something is a Registered Retirement Income Fund: the same investments, running in reverse. The deadline, the forced-withdrawal math, and the levers that soften it.

6 min read

Retirement

CPP and OAS: one you paid into, one you didn't

Canada's two public pensions land in the same bank account, but they are different machines: one built from your paycheques, one from your years in the country. How each works, what the timing window does to the payment, and where the clawback actually bites.

6 min read